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The International Time Recording Company was founded in 1900 by George Winthrop Fairchild in Jersey City, New Jersey, and reincorporated in 1901 in Binghamton.

Herman Hollerith started building the machines as early as 1884, and founded the Tabulating Machine Company in 1896 in Washington, D.C.

The Tabulating Machine Company was the first manufacturer of punch card based data processing machines.

The company was founded in 1889 by Harlow Bundy in Binghamton, New York. The Bundy Manufacturing Company was the first manufacturer of time clocks.The roots of IBM date back to the 1880s, tracing from four predecessor companies: 3.5 BICARSA (Billing, Inventory Control, Accounts Receivable, & Sales Analysis)Ĭhronology 1880s–1924: The origin of IBM.3.2 Evolution of IBM's operating systems.

3.1 Evolution of IBM's computer hardware.

2.3 1968–1984 Multiple Government and Private Antitrust Complaints.

2 Twentieth-century market power and antitrust.

1.9 1993–2018: IBM's near disaster and rebirth.

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1.8 1975–1992: Information revolution, rise of software and PC industries.

1.6 1960–1969: The System/360 era, Unbundling software and services.

1.5 1946–1959: Postwar recovery, rise of business computing, space exploration, the Cold War.

1.4.2 IBM in Germany and Nazi Occupied Europe.

IBM employees have earned five Nobel Prizes, four Turing Awards, five National Medals of Technology, and five National Medals of Science. The company has scientists, engineers, consultants, and sales professionals in over 175 countries. based technology company and has twelve research laboratories worldwide. With over 400,000 employees worldwide as of 2014, IBM holds more patents than any other U.S.

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Clone makers undersold IBM, while the profits went to chip makers like Intel or software houses like Microsoft.Īfter a series of reorganizations, IBM remains one of the world's largest computer companies and systems integrators. IBM did introduce a popular line of microcomputers. Desktop machines had the power needed and were easier for both users and managers than multi-million-dollar mainframes. IBM struggled in the late 1980s to 1990s – losses in 1993 exceeded $8 billion – as the mainframe corporation failed to adjust quickly enough to the personal computer revolution. Brushing off clone makers, and facing down a federal anti-trust suit, the company sold reputation and security as well as hardware and was one of the most admired American corporations of the 1970s and 1980s.

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IBM offered a full range of hardware, software, and service agreements, so that users, as their needs grew, would stay with 'Big Blue.' Since most software was custom-written by in-house programmers and would run on only one brand of computers, it was expensive to switch brands. Its breakthrough came in the 1960s with its System/360 family of mainframe computers. IBM's first experiments with computers in the 1940s and 1950s were modest advances on the card-based system. Customers were advised to not 'fold, spindle, or mutilate' the cardboard cards.

Watson was a salesman whose goal was to build a highly motivated, very well paid sales force that could craft solutions for clients unfamiliar with the latest technology. In 1924, the company changed its name to 'International Business Machines.' IBM expanded into electric typewriters and other office machines. Watson (1874–1956) joined the company in 1914 as General Manager, and became its President in 1915. In 1911, these companies were amalgamated into the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). IBM originated from the unification of several companies that worked to automate routine business transactions, including the first companies to build punched card based data tabulating machines and to build time clocks. International Business Machines (IBM), nicknamed 'Big Blue', is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ( March 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia.

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